Difference between pages "Equivalence of space and time" and "Theory of Relativity"

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== '''History''' ==
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== Origin ==
  
Albert Einstein discovered the [[equivalence of mass and energy]].  He recorded this in the equation [[E = mc²]]This means that energy and mass grow or shrink in the same proportionYou have an energy of 3. Then you have a mass of 3. The units of measurement are deliberately left outc is equal to 1. c² also.  This results from the division of Planck space and Planck time.  Both correspond to 1 [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck-Einheiten].
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Albert Einstein first developed the special theory of relativity (SRT) and then the general theory of relativity (GTR) from the principle of relativityThe principle of relativity is relatively simpleIf at point B an event occurs, e.g. an explosion and the two points A and C are equidistant from this point B, so when the system is at rest, the event at points A and C is perceived simultaneouslyHowever, if points A and C are accelerated (example: you are lying on a passing train), and that in direction A to C, the light event at A before C is perceived.  This is due to the finiteness of the [[speed of light]] with c.
  
== '''Theory''' ==
+
== The absolute theory and the theory of relativity ==
  
In Albert Einstein's equation [[E = mc²]] there is actually already the knowledge that the speed is always cDuring my physics class at school, a big question from the old days was whether work and energy are one and the same.  W = m * v² applies to the workThis can be deduced from the fact that the work is equal to the force times the displacement, i.e. W = F * sThe force F in turn is m * a and a is v / tSo we get W = m * v / t * s and since s / t = v, W = m * v².  If work and energy were the same now, one could equate the two equations and would already have v = c or, transformed, s = t * c.  Hence, space and time would be equivalent terms.  Albert Einstein also saw it that way and based his four-dimensional time on the vector (x1, x2, x3, ict), which ultimately means that vector (s) = time times unit vector c.
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I have already mentioned in this wiki that absolute and relative approaches do not have to be mutually exclusive.  even if Einstein rejected a preferred coordinate system.  He also assumed a 4-dimensional space-time continuum.  This idea is supported by the [[equivalence of space and time]] in absolute theory.  Without space there is no time and without time there is no spaceSpace and time are closely linked and according to the [[Weltformel]] that I have proposed, this also applies to the massWithout space there is no mass, but just as without mass there is no space!  The absolute theory assumes two preferred coordinate systems, which strictly speaking do not stand still, but only stand still with regard to their kind of speed.  The center of the universe rotates with [[the speed of light]] and therefore cannot move, because otherwise the speed would be greater cIt is the reference point for locomotionLight quanta, on the other hand, move with [[speed of light]] and accordingly cannot rotate, because then their speed would also be greater c.  Accordingly, they can be used as a reference system with regard to the rotation.
  
But there is another waySpace and time are both quantizedThat is, they consist of a multiple of a basic unit.  In mathematical terms:
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== Einstein and the absolute theory versus modern physics ==
 +
Like Max Planck, Einstein was a fan of conservation theorems.  In particular, he postulated the [[Conservation of mass ]]This can also easily be derived from [[Conservation of energy]] and the [[equivalence of mass and energy]]Unfortunately, modern physics rejects it.  One should assume that at least the basic quantities of physics will always be retained.  The opinion of the absolute theory can be read in the chapter [[Conservation Laws]].  In particular, the [[Conservation of mass]], but also from [[Division by Zero]] [[mass and momentum of a photon]].
  
<b> Space = Planck length * natural number </b>
+
== Extended Theory of Relativity ==
 +
It used to be said that there are at most four to five people in the world who have understood the theory of relativity.  Today everyone wants to understand them.  In the apartment where I used to live with my father, you had a good view of the skyscrapers of Deutsche Welle and Deutschlandfunk.  I could always imagine the theory of relativity: the house is just as big as the distance between my fingers in the field of vision when I aim at the top and bottom of the high-rise buildings.  One sees relativity has a lot to do with ray theorems and accordingly Einstein bases his theory on the Lorenz transformations, a refinement of the Galileo transformations.  You can also see relativity earlier in game programming.  At the time of the C64 the parralax scrolling became known, here you could achieve a depth effect by simply moving the objects that should appear on the horizon more slowly than those in the foreground, a proof of the time diletation.
  
and
+
== Equations of the theory of relativity and the absolute theory ==
 +
As already mentioned, the absolute theory is a part of the relativity theory, namely primarily relative to the origin.  Einstein's [[E = mc²]] always applies from an absolute point of view according to the [[equivalence of space and time]].  I have been accused of only applying in the Cartesian coordinate system, or that the @quantenwelt uses a damping factor for [[E = mc²]].  In absolute terms, every mass has a correlating energy, just as Einstein basically said.  But besides [[E = mc²]] there are other interesting formulas of the theory of relativity.
  
<b> Time = Planck time * natural number </b>
+
For example the already frequently mentioned mass - rest mass relationship.  The mass m is equal to the rest mass m (0) divided by the [[relativistic root]].  This equation is also valid in absolute theory.  However, according to the [[equivalence of space and time]] absolutely everything moves with the [[speed of light]] c.  Accordingly, it is absolutely true for every object that the rest mass m (0) = 0, and the relativistic root is also 0.  Nevertheless, due to the defined [[division by zero]], you can get meaningful results with regard to the mass.  For example, an electron moves absolutely with [[speed of light]] because it rotates away the small amount that it lacks in speed of movement.  Strictly speaking, from an absolute point of view, the rest mass of an electron is also 0. My own rest mass is also 0, because I also move through the universe at [[the speed of light]].  But since the [[relativistic root]] also becomes zero, I can still have a mass of 120 kg.  Ultimately, everything has the rest mass zero and would not exist in absolute rest.  Einstein saw it that way too and made the concept of rest mass a theoretical one.  But ultimately only the mass 0, to which the rest mass would become in absolute rest, can explain why this case does not exist.
  
Planck length is: l (p) = 1.616252 10 ^ −35 m.
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Einstein's momentum equation also applies in absolute theory: It reads E² = E (0) ² + c²p².  From an absolute point of view, this is the same: E² = 0 + c² * m² * c² <=> E² = m² * c ^ 4 <=> [[E = mc²]] due to p = mc.  However, I would have to check Einstein's derivation again, because normally I now assume that 0 * 0 = -1. That still needs to be checked.  Presumably the rest energy E (0) is a square root of the 0 expression and not the 0 itself.
  
Planck time is: t (p) = 5.39124 · 10 ^ −44 s.
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== Theory of relativity and energy of rest in the perspective of absolute theory ==
  
These are the smallest possible dimensions of time and space.
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Speaking of rest energy: Albert Einstein also saw that [[energy]] is a term made up of mass and speed.  Accordingly, he was still in a mess to assume [[energy]], even if v = 0, his so-called rest energy.  Here, too, the advantage of the absolute theory becomes apparent, as it includes all speeds under v, not just movement.  With this newly defined overall speed one can also better explain the [[energy]] and the difference between [[energy]] and work.  According to the new v, at v = 0 the energy is also 0. A rest energy in the sense of the absolute theory would not only exist if there was no movement, but also if there was no rotation, no frequency, etc ...  Here it is naive to grasp that this rest energy is always equal to 0, because the total speed is equal to 0, and accordingly there is no work and no [[energy]].
  
What is the equivalence now?  You can see that both are dependent on a natural number.  Critically, one can say that the set of all natural numbers is not always the same, i.e. that m = n does not hold.
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Einstein had to think in a more complicated way, and at v = 0 still assume a total energy different from 0.
 
 
Let's assume two different numbers m and n.  Natural numbers, I always think of induction as evidence.  So:
 
 
 
Let us consider the case <b> n = 1 </b>:
 
 
 
Time is Planck time.  Now let's go through the possibilities.
 
 
 
The case of natural number m = 0: Then space = 0 and time = 1. The speed is space through time, i.e. speed = 0. Einstein said that nothing stands still, that is, that the speed cannot be 0.  Accordingly, this case falls out.
 
 
 
m = 1. Then we get a speed of 1 or c.
 
 
 
m > 1. If m is the space greater than 1 with a constant time of 1, the result is a speed greater than 1 or greater c.  Einstein ruled that out too, so m cannot be greater than 1.
 
For n = 1: v = 1 or v = c.
 
 
 
Let's consider the case <b> n -> n +1 </b>:
 
 
 
That's easy.  We have m = n = 1 for the case n = 1. If we now add +1 we get: n + 1 = m + 1. This means that our equation v = 1 or is also correct for the case n + 1
 
 
 
''v = c''
 
 
 
== ''' Conclusion ''' ==
 
 
 
After complete induction, v = c applies.  One can also say that the speed is always equal to the [[speed of light]], even if we have to change the concept of speed for this.  Up to now, v has only ever described the speed of movement in physics, but sometimes I used it synonymously with the total speed, which is more than the movement.  More on that later.  Since speed = space / time, s = t * c or s = t, if you use the unit system of Planck units.  You can see that as with [[E = mc²]] the division always results in 1.  Space and time develop in the same way.  They are equivalent terms.  But there is also the [[faster than light]] of locomotion.
 
 
 
Now you can critically note that not everything moves relative to me with c, that you would see.  Yes, that is a fallacy.  In any case, v = c applies absolutely.  A distinction must be made between the speed of movement and the speed that sweeps over the same space several times, such as rotation or frequency.  According to Pythagoras, these are composed as follows: v (red) ² + v (for) ² = v².  That much is clear.  So we get v = sqr (v (red) ² * v (for) ²) = c.  In each case, the abbreviation red applies to the speed that covers several places and for for movement.  This is also a wonderful simplification for Einstein's relativistic root.  The relativistic root, also known today as the gamma factor, is sqrt (1 - v² / c²).  If you first expand this with c, i.e. sqrt (c²), the result is the expression sqrt (c² - v²).  but this is ultimately just another term for our equation above with v (rot) and v (for).  It turns out that this expression becomes sqrt (v (red) ²).  Then the relativistic root expanded with c is nothing else than our velocity v (red) which sweeps over several places.  With this one can considerably simplify many of Einstein's equations (see also the main article [[Relativistic root]]).  If you are bothered by the double use of v and would rather leave v as the speed of movement, you can also use the following equation:
 
 
 
'''(f / f (max)) ² * c² + v² = c²'''
 
 
 
I will deliver the constant f (max) later.  I still have to see if it really is f (max) in the mks system.  But the check works: I replace f / f (max) with the relativistic root and get: (1 - v² / c²) * c² + v² = c² <=> c² - v² + v² = c² <=> c² = c².
 
 
 
In absolute terms, we move not only in the world, but with the earth around the sun, with the sun around the center of the galaxy, and with the galaxy around higher systems to the center of the universe.  This applies to the speed of movement, partly also to the rotation.  So when the earth rotates, we rotate with it.  This center of the universe can therefore be used as a reference point for the speed of movement.  Point of reference, the physicists are puzzled because one of Einstein's great axioms was that there is no absolute point of reference, and since my theory is based on Einstein, that would be a contradiction.  It's unbelievable that this can also be solved.  There is no absolute reference point, but 2. With regard to the speed of rotation, the light and precisely the light that moves with c is the reference point.  Of course light has a mass according to the [[mass conservation law]] and is therefore subject to gravity.  If it is subject to gravity, however, it will move more slowly, which means that it is no longer light per se in the sense of my theory.  I mean ultimately the light with the [elemental mass]].  Of course, Einstein's cosmological principle then becomes shaky in my theory because there is a direction in the universe to the reference point and away from it.  I plan further explanations on the page [[Structure of the Universe]].
 
 
 
You can also see that black holes, because they are reference points and move less, that the speed v (red) crossing several locations must be higher for them.  In the case of the black hole in the middle of the universe, it is [[speed of light]], which means that time passes incredibly quickly here.
 
 
 
In addition, it must be stated that we all operate on a micro level.  We are all made of light, which contains the [[elemental mass]] and of which quarks are also made.  These move back and forth at the speed of light, according to the plausible theory.  But since space and time have to be preserved after the maintenance of the basic quantities, the velocity also remains constant when two photons or quarks are connected.  From this point of view, too, v = c results.  If we assume an [[elementary mass]] has the extension s = 1 and the time t = 1 and connect 2, then they have the extension s = 2 and t = 2, in a simplified and abstract way.  Whereby more and more v (red) comes into play with the mass, so that the space as an extension is replaced by the space that is swept over several times.
 
 
 
And last but not least, it can also be that relatively v = c applies, apart from the space-time vector already shown.  This is awesome.  It is now not so easy for the reader to express, but many have drank too much alcohol in their youth, so that everything revolves around you.  In doing so, the brain loses our normal view of what we consider to be relative.  Babies also experience this in their first few months until human vision asserts itself.  You may not believe me or accuse me of an island talent, but I think I remember.  Of course, I don't want to encourage anyone to have borderline experiences with alcohol.  And these statements are a bit like in the allegory of the cave and are not yet firmly established.  One can also say that at the quark level everything moves relatively with c.  The way is open here to draw interesting conclusions about the curvature of space according to Einstein and to analyze the structure of our world.  And if someone starts to stress again, you could simply say: "I'm already moving at the speed of light, I can't go any faster.
 
 
 
== '''Einstein and the equivalence of space and time''' ==
 
Albert Einstein also assumed that every object moves in space-time with [[speed of light]], so that accordingly v = c and that space and time are equivalent terms.  In his opinion one can convert time into space and vice versa.  For example, with an object that moves quickly, time passes correspondingly more slowly in order to maintain the equivalence of space and time.  According to the absolute theory, however, space cannot be converted into time and vice versa, mainly because of the [[space conservation law]] and the [[time conservation law]].  The proven fact that time passes more slowly can only be explained by the fact that when time is measured by means of a balance wheel, the time is determined based on the tremor, i.e. the multiple passing of the same places.  If a body moves, this movement slows down and with it the time measurement.  Einstein also saw this in a similar way, he says, if one were to measure the time with a pendulum, that a different value would result for the time dilation.
 
 
 
== '''Pulsating speed''' ==
 
In retrospect, I noticed that Plato's distinction between the speed of rotation and speed of movement still needs to be expanded, namely by the pulsating speed or the overall frequency.  So the more a body pulsates, the less it rotates with constant movement.  This explains the discussion about the [[equivalence of rotation speed and mass]], namely that Venus rotates less than the earth, but still has the same mass.  Venus has a higher temperature and accordingly pulsates more, which also explains the contraction of places according to the theory of relativity.  The pulsating speed crosses places several times during the contraction, so one can also speak of a compression of the places here.  This pulsation can certainly also be viewed as a frequency.
 
 
 
== Recommended books ==
 
I particularly recommend Einstein's original texts.  All of my youth I have only read secondary literature.  The true genius of Einstein can only be seen in the original texts.
 
 
 
 
 
== '' 'Sketches' '' ==
 
 
 
<htmltag tagname = "script" src = "https://www.till-meyenburg.de/lib/js/graph.js"> </htmltag>
 
<htmltag tagname = "script"> window.onload = function () {var canvas = document.getElementById ("myCanvas"); var myGraph = new Graph ({canvas: canvas, minX: -10, minY: -120, maxX  : 10, maxY: 120}); var context = canvas.getContext ("2d"); myGraph.drawEquation (function (x) {return x * x;}, "blue", 3); myGraph.drawEquation (function (  x) {return 100 - (x * x);}, "red", 3); context.font = "10pt TimesNewRoman"; context.fillText ("Energy", 650, 120); context.fillText ("v (  fort) ", 650, 70); context.fillText (" v (red) ", 650, 15); context.fillText (" c ", 354, 10); var canvas = document.getElementById (" myCanvas2 ");  var context = canvas.getContext ("2d"); var centerX = canvas.width / 2; var centerY = canvas.height / 2 + 55; var radius = 75; var startingAngle = 0 * Math.PI; var endingAngle = 2  * Math.PI; var counterclockwise = false; context.beginPath (); context.moveTo (centerX + radius, centerY); context.arc (centerX, centerY, radius, startingAngle, endingAngle, counterclockwise);  context.lineWidth = 3; context.strokeStyle = "blue"; context.stroke (); context.beginPath (); context.moveTo (centerX - radius, centerY - radius); context.lineTo (centerX + radius, centerY - radius  );  context.lineTo (centerX + radius - 5, centerY - radius - 5); context.moveTo (centerX + radius, centerY - radius); context.lineTo (centerX + radius - 5, centerY - radius + 5); context.lineWidth  = 3;  context.strokeStyle = "black"; context.stroke (); context.beginPath (); context.moveTo (centerX, centerY - radius); context.lineTo (centerX, centerY - 2 * radius); context.moveTo (centerX,  centerY - 2 * radius); context.lineTo (centerX + 5, centerY - 2 * radius + 5); context.moveTo (centerX, centerY - 2 * radius); context.lineTo (centerX - 5, centerY - 2 * radius  + 5); context.lineWidth = 3;  context.strokeStyle = "red"; context.stroke (); context.font = "10pt TimesNewRoman"; context.fillText ("v (rot)", centerX + radius -10, centerY - radius -10); context.fillText  ("v (fort)", centerX + 10, centerY - 2 * radius + 10);}; </htmltag>
 
 
 
 
 
<htmltag tagname = "canvas" id = "myCanvas" width = "700" height = "200"> </htmltag>
 
Sketch 1
 
 
 
 
 
<htmltag tagname = "canvas" id = "myCanvas2" width = "700" height = "300"> </htmltag>
 
Sketch 2
 
 
 
== '''Links''' ==
 
[https://paypal.me/tillmeyenburg Essay and proof, translation together with Bernhard Hagen] can be downloaded for a small donation.
 

Revision as of 10:02, 19 September 2020

Origin

Albert Einstein first developed the special theory of relativity (SRT) and then the general theory of relativity (GTR) from the principle of relativity. The principle of relativity is relatively simple. If at point B an event occurs, e.g. an explosion and the two points A and C are equidistant from this point B, so when the system is at rest, the event at points A and C is perceived simultaneously. However, if points A and C are accelerated (example: you are lying on a passing train), and that in direction A to C, the light event at A before C is perceived. This is due to the finiteness of the speed of light with c.

The absolute theory and the theory of relativity

I have already mentioned in this wiki that absolute and relative approaches do not have to be mutually exclusive. even if Einstein rejected a preferred coordinate system. He also assumed a 4-dimensional space-time continuum. This idea is supported by the equivalence of space and time in absolute theory. Without space there is no time and without time there is no space. Space and time are closely linked and according to the Weltformel that I have proposed, this also applies to the mass. Without space there is no mass, but just as without mass there is no space! The absolute theory assumes two preferred coordinate systems, which strictly speaking do not stand still, but only stand still with regard to their kind of speed. The center of the universe rotates with the speed of light and therefore cannot move, because otherwise the speed would be greater c. It is the reference point for locomotion. Light quanta, on the other hand, move with speed of light and accordingly cannot rotate, because then their speed would also be greater c. Accordingly, they can be used as a reference system with regard to the rotation.

Einstein and the absolute theory versus modern physics

Like Max Planck, Einstein was a fan of conservation theorems. In particular, he postulated the Conservation of mass . This can also easily be derived from Conservation of energy and the equivalence of mass and energy. Unfortunately, modern physics rejects it. One should assume that at least the basic quantities of physics will always be retained. The opinion of the absolute theory can be read in the chapter Conservation Laws. In particular, the Conservation of mass, but also from Division by Zero mass and momentum of a photon.

Extended Theory of Relativity

It used to be said that there are at most four to five people in the world who have understood the theory of relativity. Today everyone wants to understand them. In the apartment where I used to live with my father, you had a good view of the skyscrapers of Deutsche Welle and Deutschlandfunk. I could always imagine the theory of relativity: the house is just as big as the distance between my fingers in the field of vision when I aim at the top and bottom of the high-rise buildings. One sees relativity has a lot to do with ray theorems and accordingly Einstein bases his theory on the Lorenz transformations, a refinement of the Galileo transformations. You can also see relativity earlier in game programming. At the time of the C64 the parralax scrolling became known, here you could achieve a depth effect by simply moving the objects that should appear on the horizon more slowly than those in the foreground, a proof of the time diletation.

Equations of the theory of relativity and the absolute theory

As already mentioned, the absolute theory is a part of the relativity theory, namely primarily relative to the origin. Einstein's E = mc² always applies from an absolute point of view according to the equivalence of space and time. I have been accused of only applying in the Cartesian coordinate system, or that the @quantenwelt uses a damping factor for E = mc². In absolute terms, every mass has a correlating energy, just as Einstein basically said. But besides E = mc² there are other interesting formulas of the theory of relativity.

For example the already frequently mentioned mass - rest mass relationship. The mass m is equal to the rest mass m (0) divided by the relativistic root. This equation is also valid in absolute theory. However, according to the equivalence of space and time absolutely everything moves with the speed of light c. Accordingly, it is absolutely true for every object that the rest mass m (0) = 0, and the relativistic root is also 0. Nevertheless, due to the defined division by zero, you can get meaningful results with regard to the mass. For example, an electron moves absolutely with speed of light because it rotates away the small amount that it lacks in speed of movement. Strictly speaking, from an absolute point of view, the rest mass of an electron is also 0. My own rest mass is also 0, because I also move through the universe at the speed of light. But since the relativistic root also becomes zero, I can still have a mass of 120 kg. Ultimately, everything has the rest mass zero and would not exist in absolute rest. Einstein saw it that way too and made the concept of rest mass a theoretical one. But ultimately only the mass 0, to which the rest mass would become in absolute rest, can explain why this case does not exist.

Einstein's momentum equation also applies in absolute theory: It reads E² = E (0) ² + c²p². From an absolute point of view, this is the same: E² = 0 + c² * m² * c² <=> E² = m² * c ^ 4 <=> E = mc² due to p = mc. However, I would have to check Einstein's derivation again, because normally I now assume that 0 * 0 = -1. That still needs to be checked. Presumably the rest energy E (0) is a square root of the 0 expression and not the 0 itself.

Theory of relativity and energy of rest in the perspective of absolute theory

Speaking of rest energy: Albert Einstein also saw that energy is a term made up of mass and speed. Accordingly, he was still in a mess to assume energy, even if v = 0, his so-called rest energy. Here, too, the advantage of the absolute theory becomes apparent, as it includes all speeds under v, not just movement. With this newly defined overall speed one can also better explain the energy and the difference between energy and work. According to the new v, at v = 0 the energy is also 0. A rest energy in the sense of the absolute theory would not only exist if there was no movement, but also if there was no rotation, no frequency, etc ... Here it is naive to grasp that this rest energy is always equal to 0, because the total speed is equal to 0, and accordingly there is no work and no energy.

Einstein had to think in a more complicated way, and at v = 0 still assume a total energy different from 0.